Any engine which produces less than 25 horsepower is defined as a small engine. These engines power small machines like mowers, generators, snow blowers, pumps, chainsaws, and other industrial and farm equipment. Knowing how to operate machines with small engines and repair them is a valuable skill for any individual or professional using them for personal or professional work. Read on to learn about these engines and how to build a career as a mechanic.
Major small engine types
Small engines are combustion engines and can be powered by gasoline or diesel. They are categorized based on the number of combustion cycles they go through to produce energy. The two main types of small engines are:
Two-stroke engines that are used in outboard motors, jet skis, mopeds, dirt bikes, go-karts, and model airplanes.
Four-stroke engines that are used in lawn movers, pumps, motorcycles, cars, and trucks.
Important small engine parts
Though it produces less horsepower, small engine parts have multiple systems that produce energy and keep the machines functioning well. The major parts of a 2-stroke small engine include:
Air cleaner
Carburetor
Cylinder Head
Fuel Line
Fuel Tank
Fuel Valves and Filters
Governor Screw
Idle screw
Idle Valve
Needle Valve
Oil drain and filter plugs
Oil Sump
Power Shaft
Spark Plug
Stop Switch
Four-stroke engines are more complex and have more parts and systems than a 2-stroke engine. The major parts of a 4-stroke small engine include:
Camshaft
Combustion chamber
Connecting rod
Crankcase
Crankshaft
Cylinder
Exhaust port
Inlet port and valve
Spark Plug
Tappet
Valve Engine
Common small engine repairs
Two-stroke engines do not have a proper lubrication system; hence, the parts tend to wear and tear faster than four-stroke engines. Small engines need to be maintained and stored well. Many individuals do not pay enough attention to the right fuel type. For example, fuel with ethanol can damage the carburetor; you should only use high-octane fuel. Some may use degraded gas; the gum and varnish can clog the fuel passages and damage the carburetor. Leaving the machine with fuel for a long time can cause corrosion. If you won’t use the machine for some time, drain the fuel and change the oil. Store the machines in an enclosed structure like a garage or a shed, or keep them covered by a waterproof material like tarpaulin to prevent corrosion.
Small engine courses for a career as a mechanic
A small engine mechanic can earn between $40,000 to $52,000 per year. To become one, a person should have complete knowledge of the different parts and systems of small engines, how these work, how to repair them, and the skills for assembling and disassembling the small engine parts. While some may learn such skills by working with senior mechanics, through part-time jobs, or through apprenticeships, it may not be enough to get good jobs. Companies may prefer mechanics with a professional qualification, hands-on training and certification from a recognized institution. The eligibility to join a small engine course is either a high school diploma or a postsecondary nondegree award. If you are interested in becoming a mechanic, here are some small engine courses that can benefit you:
Small Engine Repair – Training Certificate
Motorcycle and Power Equipment Technician
Small Engine and Small Engine Technology Course
Recreational Vehicle Repair Program
Small Engine Repair Core
Marine Mechanics
After completing small engine courses, a candidate will know about various small engine parts, such as brake systems, engine function and design, steering and suspension, and auxiliary power systems. Students go through detailed technical and hands-on workshop courses to develop troubleshooting skills.
