Pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening health condition that requires immediate expert attention. It occurs when a blood clot develops in an artery of the lungs, interfering with circulation and causing discomforts like shortness of breath and rapid heartbeat. This guide briefly discusses the disorder’s common causes, symptoms, and valuable treatment options. By understanding these factors, people with pulmonary embolism can better manage their health situation and take decisive steps toward recovery.
Causes and risk factors
Most cases of pulmonary embolism are triggered by deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In this condition, people develop blood clots in the deep veins of their legs. Sometimes, these clots break loose, travel through the bloodstream, and get lodged in the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, causing a blockage. In rare cases, an obstruction can result from a mass exuding from the inside of a fractured bone or tumor, or due to the development of air bubbles in the arteries.
Several factors enhance the chances of developing DVT and, thus, pulmonary embolism. A few examples are:
- Prolonged immobilization
- Surgery
- Cancer
- Pregnancy
- Hormonal treatments
- Thrombophilia
- Previous history of blood clots
Symptoms and signs
Individuals who suffer from pulmonary embolism experience the following signs:
- Shortness of breath
A giveaway symptom of pulmonary embolism is sudden and unexplained shortness of breath, which may worsen with exertion. Chest pain or discomfort may accompany breathlessness, particularly when taking deep breaths. - Cough and hemoptysis
Individuals may experience a persistent cough, sometimes with blood in the sputum, known as hemoptysis. This symptom requires immediate attention. - Rapid heart rate
Pulmonary embolism can raise one’s heart rate, known as tachycardia. The heart may beat faster as it tries to compensate for the decreased oxygen supply triggered by the blockage in the arteries. Rapid heartbeat should be taken seriously when accompanied by shortness of breath and chest pain. - Leg swelling and pain
In some cases, pulmonary embolism may cause swelling, pain, or tenderness in the affected leg. It usually occurs if a blood clot formed in the legs’ deep veins travels to the lungs.
When a person shows signs of pulmonary embolism, doctors recommend tests to confirm the disorder. One may be asked to appear for imaging scans like computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), ventilation-perfusion (V/Q), and Doppler ultrasound to detect blood clots in the legs.
Treatment and management
If pulmonary embolism is confirmed through imaging tests, doctors recommend treatments to promote the body’s natural clot-dissolving mechanisms and prevent further clot formation. These treatments help in the condition’s long-term management. In addition, healthcare professionals recommend specific lifestyle changes, like staying physically active and avoiding sedentary jobs. Further, the expert may ask the patient to wear compression stockings to improve blood flow in the legs and mitigate the likelihood of deep vein thrombosis.
Pulmonary embolism demands swift action and appropriate management. By getting familiar with this condition’s causes, symptoms, and treatment options, one can take proactive steps to mitigate its effects. Remember, early intervention is crucial. So, individuals should prioritize their health and seek immediate assistance if they suspect the onset of this condition.
