Allergens, viruses, dust, and other particles usually get stuck to the nasal mucus when one breathes and are eventually expelled from the body. Occasionally, the body produces excess throat mucus or phlegm that needs to be cleared regularly. Mucus is a protective layer in the respiratory system, providing lubrication and filtration. Mucous membranes that run from the nose to the lungs are responsible for producing phlegm. This guide explains the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for phlegm.
What is phlegm?
The respiratory system produces phlegm when it is inflamed or infected. It is the thick mucus that we usually cough up. Generally, coughing up phlegm is not a reason to worry. It is the body’s mechanism to oust the irritants from the lungs. However, if one notices phlegm buildup for an extended period, it’s crucial to consult a doctor to identify the underlying cause and explore available treatment options.
Causes of phlegm production
Various health conditions can cause the coughing up of phlegm, ranging from mild to severe issues. Some of the primary illnesses associated with phlegm formation are:
Infections
Allergies
Asthma
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or chronic acid reflux
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including other severe lung diseases
Various environmental and lifestyle factors can also lead to the production of phlegm during coughing, such as:
Drinking excess beverages like tea and coffee
Dehydration
Spending time in a dry environment
Signs indicating phlegm accumulation
Some symptoms of contagious ailments such as the common cold, influenza, strep throat, and sinusitis can accompany phlegm-related signs, which can be risky if overlooked:
Cough
Fatigue
Fever with or without chills and sweats
Headache
Muscle ache
Sneezing
Sore or dry throat
Red eyes
Itching of the nose, throat, or ears
Runny or stuffy nose
Postnasal drip
Treatment of phlegm
The way to treat phlegm varies depending on what is causing it. Doctors may suggest prescription treatments to eliminate bacteria, fungi, or other foreign substances in the throat. Additionally, here are some home remedies that may be worth trying:
Gargling with warm salt water
Staying hydrated
Consuming garlic, radish, and high-fiber fruits while avoiding high-fat and dairy foods
Avoiding irritants, fragrances, and chemicals
Using a humidifier
When to see a doctor?
Sometimes, phlegm symptoms show up with other indications that could suggest a severe or even fatal condition, such as acute pulmonary edema or critical asthma attack, requiring emergency care. Some possible indicators of such diseases that accompany coughing up sputum are:
The lips, nails, and skin may exhibit a bluish hue
Chest pain, tightness, or pressure
Coughing up blood or pink, blood-tinged phlegm
Confusion or disorientation
Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
Breathing problems, including choking and gasping
Trouble swallowing or drooling
Sudden swelling of the face or mouth
Conclusion
Phlegm production is a common symptom of respiratory illness caused by factors such as allergies, infections, and irritants. Treatment options include medical care at hospitals and home remedies, depending on the underlying cause. Symptoms may differ based on the severity of the condition and need close monitoring. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider if phlegm formation persists or worsens.
