Influenza or the flu is a transmissible viral infection that affects millions worldwide. It is manifested as an infection in the throat, nose, and lungs. Most of the time, the flu doesn’t cause any serious health issues but sometimes it can lead to complications. Let’s understand influenza, its causes and risk factors. Also, know how this seasonal illness is transmitted to prevent its spread by recognizing early signs while seeking appropriate care.
Understanding influenza
Types and causes
Flu is caused by the influenza viruses. There are three main types of this pathogen, namely influenza A, influenza B, and influenza C. Influenza A viruses are responsible for most seasonal flu outbreaks, while influenza B viruses do not generally cause any serious illness. Influenza C viruses cause mild respiratory symptoms.
Transmission
The influenza virus spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also get transmitted when one touches contaminated surfaces and subsequently, their nose, mouth, or eyes. Infected individuals are possibly contagious from about a day before the appearance of the symptoms until four days from then on.
Risk factors for influenza
Some of the risk factors of influenza are:
- Age
Infants, young children, and older adults are more susceptible, given their weak immune systems or reduced immunity. These age groups are more vulnerable to developing severe complications. - Underlying medical conditions
Individuals with chronic medical conditions such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, or a weakened immune system are more vulnerable to influenza and its complications. - Pregnancy
Expectant women are at an increased risk of complications from influenza due to the changes in their immune system and respiratory functioning. Pregnant women should take the flu vaccine to protect themselves and their unborn from influenza-related complications. They should also promptly seek medical care if they experience flu-like symptoms.
Symptoms of influenza
- Fever and chills
A sudden onset of high fever accompanied by chills is a hallmark of influenza. The fever can persist for several days with sweating and an overheated sensation. - Respiratory symptoms
Influenza typically triggers respiratory symptoms such as dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and a runny or stuffy nose. These indications can vary in severity. - Fatigue and weakness
Influenza often causes extreme fatigue and weakness, significantly affecting daily activities. Individuals with flu may experience a total lack of energy and exhaustion after minimal physical or mental exertion. If one notices persistent fatigue with other influenza-like symptoms, seek medical advice promptly.
Home remedies for influenza
Since influenza is often not a serious condition, natural remedies help in relieving the symptoms. Some of the home remedies are:
- Honey mixed ginger or cinnamon tea
- Breathing in peppermint or eucalyptus oils can help decongest the nose and throat
- Taking a steam shower
- Gargling with warm salt water to get relief from sore throat
Apart from these remedies, taking adequate rest and hydration are essential for managing influenza. One must take plenty of time for relaxation and drink water, herbal tea, clear broth, and other fluids to prevent dehydration.
Influenza is a common viral infection that affects individuals of all ages. Stay informed, practice good hygiene, and consider getting a flu vaccine annually to prevent the infection.
