Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition characterized by the formation of blood clots (thrombus) in deep veins, usually those in the legs. It is a serious condition as the clot can loosen up, travel through the blood, and get lodged in the lungs. This could obstruct the blood flow and lower oxygen levels in the body. Understanding the signs and causes of DVT can help one seek early diagnosis and treatment for the condition.
Symptoms
Deep vein thrombosis or venous thrombosis mostly develops in the lower part of the leg, thigh, or pelvic region. It may develop in other areas of the body, like the arms, brain, intestines, liver, or kidney, but such instances are rare. Here are a few symptoms one may observe:
Swelling and pain in the legs: Unexplained swelling, warmth, and tenderness in the legs are common signs of DVT. The affected leg may appear unwieldy and feel heavy, especially when standing or walking.
Redness and skin discoloration: The skin over the affected area may become red or discolored or take on a bluish tinge. It may also feel warm to the touch from inflammation caused by the blood clot.
Tenderness in the calf: When dealing with deep vein thrombosis, one may experience tenderness or pain in the calf muscles. The ache feels like a cramp that persists or worsens over time.
Sudden and severe headaches or seizures: These symptoms develop when the blood clots block the veins of the brain.
Pain in the abdomen: When the thrombus affects the veins inside the abdomen, one may experience pain there.
If one notices one or more of these symptoms, especially when walking or flexing the foot, they should seek medical attention immediately.
Causes and risk factors
The following issues directly contribute to the development of DVT:
- Prolonged immobility
- Surgery
- Injury to the veins
- Medical conditions such as cancer or hormonal imbalances
- Inherited blood clotting disorders
Additionally, age, pregnancy, undergoing hormone replacement therapy, and a family history of the condition can increase the risk of developing deep vein thrombosis.
Treatment options
Prescription treatment: Certain prescription options make for the primary treatment, as they can help stop the clot from getting bigger and lower the risk of new clots.
Thrombolytic therapy: Severe cases of DVT may require thrombolytic therapy to dissolve blood clots quickly.
Catheter-directed thrombolysis: Sometimes, doctors may recommend this treatment option, wherein a catheter is inserted into the affected area to deliver clot-dissolving substances.
Prevention
Regular physical activity: Regular exercise promotes healthy blood flow and reduces the risk of DVT. Exercises involving leg movements, such as walking, cycling, or swimming, are ideal picks here. If one has a sitting job, taking breaks regularly and performing leg exercises can keep the blood flowing.
Better lifestyle choices: To lower the risk of DVT, one should maintain healthy body mass by following a balanced meal plan comprising fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. One should also limit the intake of processed and sugary foods and beverages.
Deep vein thrombosis requires a prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. So, one should keep an eye out for early signs, recognize risk factors, and follow preventive measures to lower the risk of DVT and associated complications.
