A cataract is an eye condition arising from the clouding of the otherwise clear lens of the organ. It is a prevalent eye disorder affecting millions worldwide and can significantly impact vision and quality of life. This article attempts to shed light on its causes, symptoms, and treatment. It can help one identify early signs, seek appropriate care, and maintain optimal eye health. Read on to learn more about this eye condition.

Understanding cataracts
There are different types of cataracts, including nuclear cataracts, cortical cataracts, and subcapsular cataracts. Each kind affects a specific eye lens area and may present distinct symptoms.

Causes
Cataracts commonly develop from age-related changes in the eye lens. Other factors can also contribute to the formation of this condition, which include the following:

• Having a family history of cataracts increases one’s risk of getting it.
• Medical conditions such as diabetes and hypertension can increase one’s risk of getting it.
• Prolonged exposure to UV radiation can damage the lens protein leading to cataracts.
• An eye surgery, like an operation done for glaucoma, can make one susceptible to this condition.

Symptoms

• Blurred or cloudy vision: The most common symptom of cataracts is a gradual deterioration of vision. Objects start appearing blurred, hazy, or cloudy, impairing visual clarity and making it challenging to perform daily tasks.
• Sensitivity to light and glare: Individuals affected by cataracts often experience increased sensitivity to light, particularly bright light or glare. Sunlight, vehicle headlights, and indoor lighting can cause discomfort and reduce visual acuity.
• Difficulty with night vision: Cataracts can affect night vision, making it difficult to see in low-light conditions. Individuals with cataracts may experience increased glare or halos around night lights, making driving or navigating dimly lit areas more challenging.

Treatment options

• Cataract surgery: Surgical intervention is the most effective treatment for cataracts. It involves the removal of the clouded lens and its replacement by an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) through an operation. Cataract surgery is a common and safe outpatient procedure with a high success rate in restoring clear vision.
• Non-surgical management: Cataracts may be manageable through non-surgical approaches in the early stages. Vision correction with prescription glasses or contact lenses can help optimize visual acuity and alleviate the symptoms related to this condition.
• Advanced technology intraocular lenses: Besides standard monofocal IOLs, advanced-technology IOLs are available for cataract surgery. These specialized lenses can enhance visual outcomes by addressing astigmatism or presbyopia. One must talk to their eye-care professional to determine if advanced-technology IOLs suit their needs.

Prevention and lifestyle tips

• Protective eyewear: Wearing UV-protective sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat helps shield the eyes from harmful UV rays, mitigating the risk of cataract formation. Eye protection must be prioritized, especially in sunny or high-light-exposure environments.
• Healthy lifestyle choices: Adopting a healthy lifestyle can contribute to overall eye health and help reduce the risk of cataracts. Besides a balanced diet rich in antioxidants and regular exercise, prevention measures for this condition include maintaining a healthy weight to manage underlying health conditions and promoting a better quality of life.

Cataracts can significantly impact vision, but maintaining optimal eye health with knowledge and timely intervention is possible. Understanding the causes, recognizing early symptoms, and exploring available treatments can help manage this condition and preserve visual clarity. Prioritizing eye health, adopting preventive measures, and seeking professional care are crucial steps toward maintaining clear vision and enhancing the overall quality of life.